NewKnot

Amaranthaceae

2005-11-18T05:10:00.000-08:00

The amaranth family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 species of herbs, with a few shrubs, trees, and vines, native to tropical America and Africa. The leaves of members of the family usually have nonindented edges. Flowers may be male or female or contain both types of reproductive structures; several

Termini Imerese

2005-10-16T01:20:00.000-07:00

Latin Thermae Himerenses, town, Palermo province, northern Sicily, Italy, on the Golfo (gulf) di Termini Imerese (an inlet of the Tyrrhenian Sea), southeast of Palermo city. It was possibly a Phoenician seaport or trading station, and its well-known thermal saline springs were praised by the 6th–5th-century BC Greek poet Pindar. The Carthaginians called it Thermae Himerenses after their destruction

2005-10-16T01:15:00.000-07:00

Susanoo

2005-07-28T22:45:00.000-07:00

Susanoo descended into the land of Izumo in western Japan

Nervous System Disease, Facial nerve

2005-07-27T04:40:00.000-07:00

The herpes

Shiel, Loch

2005-07-24T17:25:00.000-07:00

Narrow lake, in the northwest Highlands of Scotland. About 17 miles (28 km) long, it extends ribbonlike from Glenfinnan southwestward and drains into the 3-mile- (5-km-) long River Shiel, which empties into Loch Moidart, a sea loch. The upper reaches of Loch Shiel, toward Glenfinnan, are bounded by wild and rough scenery, with steep mountains reaching elevations of about 3,000 feet (900 metres).

Equestrian Sports, International.

2005-07-07T20:10:00.000-07:00

In 2003 the introduction of North American-style alternatives to turf courses was accelerating in European Thoroughbred racing. Sweden, Germany, and Belgium had been the first European countries to introduce dirt racing, and Lingfield Park had opened the first British “all-weather” track in October 1989. Cagnes-sur-Mer and Pau, two winter courses in the south of France, first

Visalia

2005-06-15T17:55:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1853) of Tulare county, south-central California, U.S. It lies on the Kaweah River delta in the San Joaquin Valley, 42 miles (68 km) southeast of Fresno. Founded in 1852 by Nathaniel Vise, it developed as an agricultural (olives, grapes, cotton) and livestock-shipping centre, now supplemented by light manufacturing. It is the seat of the College of the Sequoias (1925). Sequoia and Kings Canyon

Forde, Francis Michael

2005-06-03T02:30:00.000-07:00

Active in state politics as a young man, Forde was a member of the Australian House of Representatives (1922–46) and deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (1932–46). In the cabinet he served as minister for the army (1941–46), minister for defense (1946), and deputy prime minister

Ezion-geber

2005-05-31T21:10:00.000-07:00

Modern Tall al-Khalifah seaport of Solomon and the later kings of Judah, located at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba in what is now Ma'an muhafazah (governorate), Jordan. The site was found independently by archaeologists Fritz Frank and Nelson Glueck. Glueck's excavations (1938–40) proved that the site had been a fortified settlement surrounded by strong walls from the 10th to the 4th century BC. It was almost

Interior Design, Preliminary phases

2005-05-17T00:10:00.000-07:00

The first step is the interview with the client. This is often a series of conversations and must eventually lead to a mutual agreement. Clients usually have a good idea of their needs and preferences, yet an experienced designer frequently sees some needs not envisioned by the client, and often he must reeducate the client's attitude about preferences. Obviously,

Marsh

2005-05-15T18:00:00.000-07:00

Marshes are common at the mouths of rivers, especially where extensive deltas have been built. The river brings a steady supply of water. The gradient

India, The Deccan and the south

2005-05-13T13:45:00.000-07:00

In the northern Deccan the decline of the Later Calukyas brought about the rise of their feudatories, among them the Yadava dynasty (also claiming descent from the Yadu tribe) based at Devagiri (Daulatabad), whose kingdom (Seunadesa) included the Khandesh (now divided into Dhule and Jalgaon), the Nashik, and the Ahmadnagar districts. The kingdom expanded during the reign of Si

Index Fossil

2005-03-15T22:06:00.000-08:00

Any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment. A useful index fossil must be distinctive or easily recognizable, abundant, and have a wide geographic distribution and a short range through time. Index fossils are the basis for defining boundaries in the geologic time scale

Croatia, Industry

2005-03-14T23:58:00.000-08:00

Already more industrialized than most of its neighbours when the communists assumed power over Yugoslavia in 1945, Croatia continued its rapid industrialization under socialist policies of economic and social development. One unfortunate result was the squandering of a great deal of money through inefficiency and the misallocation of resources through the

Hyde De Neuville, Jean-guillaume, Baron

2005-03-11T16:15:00.000-08:00

Devoted to Louis XVI, Hyde de Neuville remained a royalist agent after the outbreak of the Revolution. After taking part in a royalist insurrection in Berry (1796), he attempted first to discredit the Directory, then to convince Napoleon to reestablish the Bourbons on the

Roman Catholic Church Of Romania

2005-03-07T17:01:00.000-08:00

An Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome. The Byzantine rite Catholic Church originated after the Turks ceded Transylvania to the Catholic Habsburgs (1699); at that time a large group of Orthodox Romanians, pressed by the imperial government, accepted the authority of Rome. In 1948 the Byzantine rite church was legally suppressed by the Communist

North Germanic Languages, Syntax

2005-03-05T13:53:00.000-08:00

The reduction of morphological complexity has been accompanied by the emergence of a more rigid order of sentence elements. Main clauses have the finite verb in second position. This can be preceded by almost any other sentence constituent; most often it is preceded by the subject. In yes-no questions the preverbal position is empty. In other questions it is occupied

Differentiator

2005-03-04T15:31:00.000-08:00

A device or set of components for performing the mathematical operation of differentiation - i.e., supplying an output proportional to the derivative of the input with respect to one or more variables. The many common examples of mechanical differentiators in which a displacement is differentiated with respect to time include speedometers and generators. In

K.c.v.o.

2005-03-03T23:42:00.000-08:00

Knight commander of the Royal Victorian Order, member of the second highest rank of a British order of knighthood. See Royal Victorian Order.

Sabbath River

2005-03-02T05:34:00.000-08:00

In Jewish legend, a river beyond which the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel were exiled. See Sambation.

International Relations, The reorganization of the Middle East

2005-03-01T15:26:00.000-08:00

The Treaty of S�vres likewise dismembered the Ottoman Empire. Here again secret war-aims treaties reflected Allied ambitions in the Middle East, but Wilson was less willing to challenge them given his belief that the Arab peoples were not ready for self-rule. To avoid the tinge of imperialism, the victors took control of the former Ottoman (and German) territories

Pugwash Conferences

2005-03-01T14:51:00.000-08:00

In full �Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs� series of international meetings of scientists to discuss problems of nuclear weapons and world security. The first of the conferences met in July 1957 at the estate of the American philanthropist Cyrus Eaton in the village of Pugwash, Nova Scotia, in response to an appeal by Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, Fr�d�ric Joliot-Curie, and other prominent scientific figures.

International Relations, Strategic bombing

2005-02-28T22:55:00.000-08:00

Allied strategic bombing was the most deadly form of economic warfare ever devised and showed another side of the indiscriminateness of industrial war. But in mid-1941 the British Chiefs of Staff soberly concluded that morale, not industry, was Germany's most vulnerable point and ordered Sir Arthur Harris of the RAF Bomber Command to concentrate on �area bombing� of

Spondylosis

2005-02-28T22:39:00.000-08:00

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the spine reducing mobility of the intervertebral joints and resulting in abnormal bone development around the vertebrae. It is primarily a condition of age and occurs much more commonly in men than in women; onset of symptoms is gradual, but untreated spondylosis will progress to disabling tingling pain, limited motion,

Heusler Alloy

2005-02-27T14:45:00.000-08:00

Any of the first magnetic alloys composed of metals that, in their pure state, are not magnetic. The alloys are named after Fritz Heusler, 19th-century German mining engineer and chemist. Heusler alloys consist of approximately two parts of copper, one of manganese, and one of tin. The tin may be replaced by aluminum, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, or boron; the copper may be replaced

International Relations, Science and technology in wartime

2005-02-27T02:46:00.000-08:00

Of the many wartime innovations, those in macroeconomics and management techniques were among the most important, for the rapid increase achieved in labour productivity would make possible the economic miracles of many nations after the war as well. U.S. merchant vessels that took 35 weeks to build before the war were being launched in 50 days by 1943. The Soviet Ilyushin

Bonnie And Clyde

2005-02-26T18:29:00.000-08:00

Barrow had been a criminal long before he met Parker in January 1930. After 20 months in prison

Integument, Annelids

2005-02-26T09:32:00.000-08:00

Annelids have a thin, horny cuticle pierced by pores through which epidermal glands secrete mucus. In some marine annelids, glands are also present that secrete materials constituting a parchmentlike or calcareous tube within which the worm dwells. Earthworms and leeches secrete cocoons from a specialized epidermis in a region of the body known as the clitellum.

Integument, Variations among vertebrates

2005-02-25T23:52:00.000-08:00

The vertebrates belong to the phylum Chordata and are closely related to a small, fishlike, almost transparent invertebrate called amphioxus. Amphioxus represents chordate integument at its simplest: an epidermis, consisting of one layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells and scattered mucous cells, covered by a thin cuticle, and a thin dermis of soft connective

Digestive System, Vertebrate, Neurotensin

2005-02-25T21:15:00.000-08:00

Secreted by the N cells of the ileum in response to fat in the small intestine, neurotensin modulates motility, relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, and blocks the stimulation of acid and pepsin secretion by the vagus nerve.

Koda Rohan

2005-02-24T19:01:00.000-08:00

Rohan's early education was strong in the Japanese and Chinese classics, and although he was graduated from a technical school in 1884, before long

Integument, Amphibians

2005-02-24T14:59:00.000-08:00

Most modern amphibians lack horny scales or other protective devices. An exception is seen in the caecilians, a small group that has fishlike scales similar to those possessed by ancient and extinct forms. The amphibian epidermis has five to seven layers of cells formed from a basal stratum germinativum. At the skin surface, in contact with the external environment,

Adams, John, Biographies

2005-02-23T06:42:00.000-08:00

Among the full-length biographies, three stand out: Page Smith, John Adams, 2 vol. (1962 - 63, reprinted in 1 vol., 1988); Peter Shaw, The Character of John Adams (1976); and John Ferling, John Adams: A Life (1992, reissued 1996). Although a fictional biography, Catherine Drinker Bowen, John Adams and the American Revolution (1950), is unsurpassed in bringing Adams to life during the early stages of his career. For the latter phase of his life, see Joseph J. Ellis, Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams (1993). The Adams presidency is the focus of two books: Stephen G. Kurtz, The Presidency of John Adams: The Collapse of Federalism, 1795 - 1800 (1957, reissued 1961); and Ralph Adams Brown, The Presidency of John Adams (1975). An old but still valuable rendering of the presidential years is Manning J. Dauer, The Adams Federalists (1953, reprinted 1984).

Argentina, Discovery and settlement

2005-02-23T00:31:00.000-08:00

The main Atlantic outline of Argentina was revealed to European explorers in the early 16th century. The R�o de la Plata estuary was discovered years before Ferdinand Magellan traversed the Strait of Magellan in 1520, although historians dispute whether the estuary was first reached by Amerigo Vespucci in 1501 - 02 or by Juan D�az de Sol�s in his ill-fated voyage of 1516. Sol�s and a

Argentina, Colonial centres

2005-02-22T15:43:00.000-08:00

San Miguel de Tucum�n's leadership lasted from the latter

Backpacking

2005-02-22T11:39:00.000-08:00

Sport of hiking while carrying clothing, food, and camping equipment in a pack on the back. Originally, in the early 20th century, backpacking was practiced in the wilderness as a means of getting to areas inaccessible by car or by day hike. It demands physical conditioning and practice, knowledge of camping and survival techniques, and selection of equipment of a minimum

Kyrenia Mountains

2005-02-21T20:22:00.000-08:00

Mountain range in northern Cyprus extending east to west for about 100 miles (160 km) from Cape Andreas, on the Karpas Peninsula, to Cape Kormakiti. Rising from the coast a short distance inland, the range flanks a narrow coastal plain and reaches a maximum height of 3,360 feet (1,024 m) at Mount Kyparissovouno, in the western region, ending in low hills at the tip of Cape Andreas in the east.

Argentina, Independence

2005-02-21T16:24:00.000-08:00

In Argentina the independence movement began in 1806 - 07, when British attacks on Buenos Aires were repelled in the two battles known as the Reconquista and the Defensa. Also important there, as elsewhere in Spanish America, were the ramifications of Napoleon I's intervention in Spain, beginning in 1808, which plunged that country into a civil war between two rival

Earth, Composition of the core

2005-02-20T18:32:00.000-08:00

Aside from having a high density, the generation of the magnetic field also requires that the core, unlike the mantle, be metallic. Birch's conclusion in 1952 was that iron is the most plausible constituent of the core. This was bolstered by subsequent work that has shown that iron is by far the most abundant element in the cosmos with density, elasticity, and electrical properties

Argentina, Efforts toward reconstruction, 1820

2005-02-20T00:31:00.000-08:00

In 1820 only two political organizations could claim more than strictly local and provincial followings: the revolutionary government in Buenos Aires and the League of Free Peoples, which had grown up along the R�o de la Plata and its tributaries under the leadership of Jos� Gervasio Artigas. But both organizations collapsed in that year, and Buenos Aires seemed to

Robert De Torigni

2005-02-19T04:35:00.000-08:00

Robert was born to a family apparently of high rank. In 1128 he joined the monastery at Bec, where he was ordained deacon (1131) and elected prior (1149). He became abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel in

Argentina, Dominance of Buenos Aires

2005-02-19T00:30:00.000-08:00

By then, military leaders had assumed power in almost every province. Each provincial political regime soon acquired its own character, according to the relative power held by military strongmen (caudillos) and by local political interests. This differentiation was not, however, cause for friction between the provinces; rather, economic and geographic factors

Argentina, Presidency of Rivadavia

2005-02-18T23:47:00.000-08:00

In the meantime an attempt was made to establish a national government through a constituent assembly that met in December 1824. Overstepping its legal authority, the constituent assembly in February 1826 created the office of president of the republic and installed the porte�o (native of Buenos Aires) Bernardino Rivadavia as its first occupant. Civil war flared up in

Gateleg Table

2005-02-18T13:45:00.000-08:00

Type of table first used in England in the 16th century. The top had a fixed section and one or two hinged sections, which, when not in use, folded back onto the fixed section or were allowed to hang vertically. The hinged section, or flap, was supported on pivoted legs joined at the top and bottom by stretchers and so constituting a gate. Large flaps had two supports,

Argentina, Confederation under Rosas, 1829

2005-02-17T11:12:00.000-08:00

The regime of Rosas in Buenos Aires enjoyed far broader support than any of its predecessors. Special interest groups, landholders, and export-import merchants (along with the British diplomatic contingent that was identified with these interests) all fell behind the new governor. Practically all the influential sectors in the province identified Rosas's triumph

Peninj Mandible

2005-02-17T10:00:00.000-08:00

Also called �Natron Mandible, � an almost perfectly preserved fossil hominid jaw containing a complete set of adult teeth. It was found by Kamaya Kimeu at Peninj, a locale to the west of Lake Natron, about 50 miles (80 km) from the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania in 1964. About 120 artifacts belonging to the Acheulian industry, including stone cleavers and hand axes, were also unearthed near the fossil. The sandstone in

Nuclear Weapon, The Axis powers

2005-02-16T19:37:00.000-08:00

By the time the war began on Sept. 1, 1939, Germany had a special office for the military application of nuclear fission; chain-reaction experiments with uranium and carbon were being planned, and ways of separating the uranium isotopes were under study. Some measurements on carbon, later shown to be in error, led the physicist Werner Heisenberg to recommend that heavy water

Argentina, Domestic politics

2005-02-16T02:46:00.000-08:00

The new governor saw clearly the ambiguities and dangers of such widespread support, and, although he was identified as a federalist, he ruled as a centralist, with Buenos Aires as his main power base. Rosas manipulated factions of labourers, gauchos, and elites from the estancias and set himself up as the arbiter of a delicate and constantly threatened balance between

Computers, The Jacquard loom

2005-02-15T21:55:00.000-08:00

Calculators such as the Arithmometer remained a fascination after 1820, and their potential for commercial use was well understood. Many other mechanical devices built during the 19th century also performed repetitive functions more or less automatically, but few had any application to computing. There was one major exception: the Jacquard loom, invented in 1804 - 05 by a French

Argentina, Foreign policies

2005-02-15T14:39:00.000-08:00

Rosas's foreign policies left no room for anything other than total success or total failure, and international difficulties arose as extensions of domestic turmoil. In January 1833 Britain reasserted an earlier claim to the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), and a British warship took possession of the islands. More troublesome was the growing independence of neighbouring

Pietro Della Vigna

2005-02-14T20:55:00.000-08:00

Born in the mainland part of the kingdom of Sicily to a poor family (his parents were said to have been

Argentina, Economic development, 1820

2005-02-14T11:47:00.000-08:00

Argentina's society and economy underwent considerable changes in the 30 years after 1820. Buenos Aires was the province best adapted to the new era of free trade, exporting cattle products in return for consumer goods from overseas. The interior provinces adjusted slowly, replacing their traditional markets in Upper Peru with new ones in Chile, where a great expansion

Argentina, National consolidation, 1852

2005-02-13T16:56:00.000-08:00

General Urquiza called a constitutional convention that met in Santa Fe in 1852. Buenos Aires refused to participate, but the convention adopted a constitution for the whole country that went into effect on May 25, 1853. Buenos Aires recoiled from the new confederation, the first elected president of which was Urquiza and the first capital of which was Paran�. The porte�o dissidence

Argentina, The conservative regime, 1880

2005-02-12T07:31:00.000-08:00

The entire country was now dominated by the National Autonomist Party, which had originally supported Avellaneda's candidacy and was now an alliance of the various groups supporting Roca. These included many of the big ranchers, as well as commercial and business interests who were more than happy with Roca's formula of �peace and efficient administration.� Argentina's

Y�eh Fei

2005-02-12T00:10:00.000-08:00

In 1126 North China was overrun by the nomadic Juchen and the Sung capital at K'ai-feng taken. The former emperor Hui-tsung, who had abdicated in 1125/26, together with his son, the emperor Ch'in-tsung (reigned 1125/26 - 27), was carried into captivity. Another son of Hui-tsung, later known as Kao-tsung (reigned

Argentina, The crisis of 1890

2005-02-11T18:21:00.000-08:00

The economic expansion led ultimately to inflation, the issuance of too much paper currency, and the onset of a financial crisis. A political crisis also followed. The government of Roca's successor, Miguel Ju�rez Celman (1886 - 90), had avoided launching an unpopular anti-inflationary program, but this inaction sparked criticism both within and outside the official party

Melamine

2005-02-11T16:44:00.000-08:00

Melamine is manufactured by heating dicyandiamide under pressure. Its most important reaction is that with formaldehyde, forming resinous compounds of high molecular weight.

Argentina, The rise of radicalism

2005-02-10T20:15:00.000-08:00

A new party, the Radical Civic Union, was formed in response to the difficulties of the 1890s. It was strongly opposed to the ruling regime and to the compromise candidate, Luis S�enz Pe�a, who was accepted in 1892 by Mitre and the more moderate opponents of the Roca - Ju�rez Celman regime. S�enz was in turn replaced in 1895 by Jos� Evaristo Uriburu. In 1898 Roca returned to the presidency for

International Payment And Exchange, Special Drawing Rights

2005-02-10T14:49:00.000-08:00

To deal with the inability of the existing system to create an adequate quantity of reserves without requiring the United States to run large deficits, a new kind of reserve called Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) was devised by the International Monetary Fund. Members of the Fund were to be allocated SDRs, year by year, in prearranged quantities to be used for the discharge

Furniture, China

2005-02-09T11:24:00.000-08:00

The ancestry of the chair in China cannot be traced as far back as in Egypt and Greece. Since the T'ang dynasty (AD 618 - 907) an unbroken series of drawings and paintings has been preserved showing the interiors and exteriors of Chinese houses and their furniture. Also preserved since the 16th century are a number of chairs of wood or lacquered wood that bear an astonishing resemblance

Argentina, The radical regime, 1916

2005-02-09T02:43:00.000-08:00

The Radical front was a coalition of heterogeneous social groups, whose competing interests slowed the passage of reforms, despite urgent calls for economic and social change. Not surprisingly, Irigoyen preferred to concentrate on the political ills he had inherited from the conservative regime. The most urgent measure involved political patronage, which

Astronomy

2005-02-08T22:35:00.000-08:00

Until the invention of the telescope and the discovery of the laws of motion and gravity in the 17th century, astronomy was primarily

Argentina, The conservative restoration and the Concordancia, 1930

2005-02-08T00:04:00.000-08:00

During the next 13 years, which have often been termed �the Infamous Decade,� the armed forces sponsored a conservative restoration. After expelling Irigoyen, they installed General Jos� F�lix Uriburu in the presidency (1930 - 32). Uriburu was a descendent of an old, conservative northern family, and he leaned toward fascism. His influence with the army, however, was not as great

Argentina, Transitional period

2005-02-07T14:32:00.000-08:00

The military government faced several urgent and difficult problems, including the decision of whether to remain neutral or choose sides in the war. It also had to decide between the restoration of a representative system and the installation of a long-term military dictatorship. General Arturo Rawson was made president but resigned after two days when his anticonservative

Japanese Literature

2005-02-07T02:35:00.000-08:00

Both in quantity and quality, Japanese literature ranks as one of the major literatures of the world, comparable in age, richness, and volume to English literature, though its course of development

Olympias

2005-02-06T15:37:00.000-08:00

The daughter of Neoptolemus, king of Epirus, Olympias apparently was originally named Myrtale. Later she may have been called Olympias as a recognition of Philip's

Argentina, Per

2005-02-06T05:12:00.000-08:00

Per�n campaigned for the presidency in the elections of 1946. He organized the Labour Party, which was resisted by all the old parties and by the major vested-interest groups. His victory, though narrow, gave him control of both houses of Congress and all the provincial governorships. Per�n's political strategy and tactics were authoritarian and personalistic. He politically

Philanthropic Foundation

2005-02-05T06:14:00.000-08:00

A nongovernmental, nonprofit organization, with assets provided by donors and managed by its own officials and with income expended for socially useful purposes. Foundation, endowment, and charitable trust are terms used interchangeably to designate these organizations, which can be traced far back in history. They existed in the ancient civilizations of the

Argentina, Military government, 1966

2005-02-04T14:11:00.000-08:00

Adalbert Krieger Vasena, minister of economy and labour, attempted to stabilize the economy by again devaluing the currency and then undertaking programs in electric power, steel, roads, and housing. In May 1969 disturbances and riots in the cities of Corrientes, Rosario, and particularly C�rdoba rose out of student and labour conflicts; these incidents, later known

Hino

2005-02-04T00:47:00.000-08:00

City, Tokyo no (metropolis), Honshu, Japan, on the railway linking Tachikawa and Hachioji. Located on the Tama River, Hino was a post town and ferry station during the Tokugawa era (1603 - 1867). The city is now part of the Keihin Industrial Region, producing automobiles, electrical machinery, and precision instruments. It also serves as a residential suburb of the Tokyo and Yokohama

Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl Of, Viscount Mayo Of Monycrower, Baron Naas Of Naas

2005-02-03T08:28:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of the 5th earl, Richard Bourke spent 1838 - 39 traveling in Europe

Argentina, The return of Peronism

2005-02-03T03:35:00.000-08:00

The newly elected president, H�ctor J. C�mpora, took office in May 1973. It was immediately clear that he was merely preparing the way for the return of Per�n from exile. Tensions rose sharply among Peronists as the organization's left wing fought with its right-wing Montoneros for influence. At the final return of Per�n in June, there was a pitched battle between right and

Koffka, Kurt

2005-02-02T04:57:00.000-08:00

Koffka was associated with the University of Giessen (1911 - 24) and served as a subject (1912), along with K�hler, in experiments on perception conducted by Wertheimer. Their findings led Koffka, Wertheimer, and K�hler to stress

Sea Lily

2005-02-01T06:42:00.000-08:00

Sea lilies occur chiefly in deep waters, where they feed

Alicante

2005-01-31T08:11:00.000-08:00

Port city, capital of Alicante provincia, in Valencia comunidad aut�noma (�autonomous community�), southeastern Spain. It is located on Alicante Bay of the Mediterranean Sea. Founded as Akra Leuke (�White Summit�) by Phocaean Greeks (from the west coast of Asia Minor) in 325 BC, the city was captured in 201 BC by the Romans, who called it Lucentum. Under Moorish domination, which lasted from

Argentina, Galtieri and the Falklands War

2005-01-30T20:24:00.000-08:00

Videla was succeeded in March 1981 by General Roberto Viola, who, with the Dirty War near its end, was quite unable to control his military allies. In December he was shouldered aside by Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri. Galtieri faced a slumping economy and increased civil opposition to military rule. His trump card was that he had promised his navy ally, Vice Admiral

Viseu

2005-01-30T01:57:00.000-08:00

Town, capital, and concelho (township), Viseu distrito (�district�), northern Portugal, southeast of Porto. The town's notable landmarks include the Romanesque and Gothic cathedral (12th and 16th centuries) and the Gr�o-Vasco Museum, which is dedicated to the works of a 16th-century school of painting headquartered in Viseu. Nearby are the ancient city of Vaca and the Cava de Viriato,

Argentina, The presidency of Carlos Menem

2005-01-29T03:11:00.000-08:00

With the economy crumbling around him, Alfons�n resigned five months early, and Menem officially took over in July. Menem's moderate Peronist program called for a free-market economy with lower tariffs, based on a wage-price pact between labour, business, and government. To help carry out his economic scheme, Menem unexpectedly enlisted the aid of former top-level

Maddalena Island

2005-01-29T01:59:00.000-08:00

Italian �Isola Maddalena, � island, Sassari provincia, Italy. It lies in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off the northeast coast of Sardinia. It has an area of 8 square miles (20 square km) and is the principal island of the Maddalena Archipelago, which includes the islands of Maddalena, Caprera, Santo Stefano, Spargi, Budelli, Santa Maria, and Razzoli. Its port, La Maddalena, is the administrative

Nervous System, Human, Reciprocal innervation

2005-01-28T21:05:00.000-08:00

Any cold, hot, or noxious stimulus striking the skin of the foot contracts the flexor muscle of that limb, relaxes the extensor muscles of the same limb, and extends the opposite limb. The purpose of these movements is to remove one limb from harm while shifting weight to the opposite limb. That is the first and immediate response, but a slower and longer-lasting reflex

Argentina, The presidency of Carlos Menem

2005-01-28T20:38:00.000-08:00

Argentina's varied geography can be grouped into four major regions: the Andes, the North, the Pampas, and Patagonia. The Andean region extends some 2,300 miles (3,700 km) along the western edge of the country from Bolivia to southern Patagonia, forming most of the natural boundary with Chile. It is commonly subdivided into two parts: the Northwest and the Patagonian Andes, the latter

Korea Warm Current, East

2005-01-27T23:39:00.000-08:00

Surface oceanic current, the northward-flowing branch of the Tsushima Current in the Sea of Japan. After flowing along the coast of Korea, the East Korea Warm Current turns eastward and divides into the Tsugaru Warm Current and the Soya Warm Current. The Tsugaru Warm Current enters the Pacific Ocean through the Tsugaru Strait, and the Soya Current enters the Sea of Okhotsk

Argentina, The Gran Chaco

2005-01-27T15:44:00.000-08:00

The western sector of the North region, the Gran Chaco, extends beyond the international border at the Pilcomayo River into Paraguay, where it is called the Chaco Boreal (�Northern Chaco�) by Argentines. The Argentine sector between the Pilcomayo River and the Bermejo River is known as the Chaco Central. Argentines have named the area southward to latitude 30� S, where the

Argentina, Mesopotamia

2005-01-26T19:25:00.000-08:00

East of the Gran Chaco, in a narrow depression 60 to 180 miles (100 to 300 km) wide, lies Mesopotamia, which is bordered to the north by the highlands of southern Brazil. The narrow lowland stretches for 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southward, finally merging with the Pampas south of the R�o de la Plata. Its designation as Mesopotamia (Greek: �Between the Rivers�) reflects the fact that its western and eastern

Boston, Continuous park system

2005-01-26T10:03:00.000-08:00

When the Back Bay was nearing completion during the 1880s, the American landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted (1822 - 1903) developed an imaginative and large-scale design for the city's parks. It linked the Common, Public Garden, and Commonwealth Avenue with Franklin Park in West Roxbury by way of an open park known as the Fenway, which followed the Muddy River off to Brookline

Yogyakarta

2005-01-25T13:23:00.000-08:00

Most of the western half of the special district comprises coastal plains, as much as 15 miles (24 km) wide, consisting of lava and ash soils that are

Argentina, The Pampas

2005-01-25T00:48:00.000-08:00

Pampa is a Quechua Indian term meaning �flat surface.� As such it is widely used in southeastern South America from Uruguay, where grass-covered plains commence south of the Brazilian Highlands, to Argentina. In Argentina the Pampas broaden out west of the R�o de la Plata to meet the Andean forelands, blending imperceptibly to the north with the Chaco Austral and southern

Argentina, Patagonia

2005-01-24T20:18:00.000-08:00

This region consists of an Andean zone (also called Western Patagonia) and the main Patagonian plateau south of the Pampas, which extends to the tip of South America. The surface of Patagonia descends east of the Andes in a series of broad, flat steps extending to the Atlantic coast. Evidently, the region's gigantic landforms and coastal terraces were created by the

France, History Of, Social classes

2005-01-24T01:10:00.000-08:00

The collapse of Roman imperial power and the influx of Germans did not destroy the old Roman senatorial and landed aristocracy; the 6th-century kings called on its members to serve in the administration. A sort of military aristocracy had existed among the Germans: at the time of their settlement within the empire, its members were given tax revenues and lands confiscated

Argentina, Drainage

2005-01-23T21:14:00.000-08:00

The largest river basin in the area is that of the R�o de la Plata (often called the River Plate). It drains an area of some 1.6 million square miles (4.1 million square km), which includes northern Argentina, the whole of Paraguay, eastern Bolivia, most of Uruguay, and a large part of Brazil. The river is actually an estuary formed by the confluence of the Paran� and Uruguay rivers;

Biot-savart Law

2005-01-23T09:38:00.000-08:00

An electric current flowing in a conductor, or a moving electric charge, produces a magnetic field, or a region in the space around the conductor in which magnetic

Argentina, Soils

2005-01-22T13:31:00.000-08:00

Soil types in Argentina range from the light-coloured saline formations of the high puna in the Northwest to the dark, humus-rich type found in the Pampas. Golden-brown loess soils of the Gran Chaco are sometimes lighter where salinity is excessive but turn darker toward the east in the Mesopotamian border zone. These give way to soils ranging from rust to deep red

Astip�laia

2005-01-22T02:18:00.000-08:00

Island, westernmost of the Greek Dodecanese Islands, Aegean Sea, between Amorg�s and Cos (Kos). With an area of 37 square miles (97 square km), it comprises two mountain masses linked by a narrow isthmus that provided shelter for the ancient Roman fleet. The western hills rise to about 1,500 feet (450 m) and the eastern hills to about 1,200 feet (365 m). The coast is much indented, with high cliffs rising

Argentina, Climate

2005-01-21T11:01:00.000-08:00

Argentina lies almost entirely within the temperate zone of the Southern Hemisphere, unlike the rest of the continent to the north, which lies within the tropics. Tropical air masses only occasionally invade the provinces of Formosa and Misiones in the extreme north. The southern extremes of Argentina, which extend to 55� S, also have predominantly temperate conditions,

Heinrich Julius

2005-01-21T09:18:00.000-08:00

A gifted scholar, theologian,

Argentina, Plant and animal life

2005-01-20T10:19:00.000-08:00

Argentina's fauna and flora vary widely from the country's mountainous zones to its dry and humid plains and its subpolar regions. In heavily settled regions the makeup of animal and plant life has been profoundly modified.

Ashrama

2005-01-20T03:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Asrama, �Sanskrit �Asrama, � in Hinduism, any of the four spiritual abodes, or stages of life, through which the �twice-born� Hindu ideally will pass. The stages are those of (1) the student (brahmacari), marked by chastity, devotion and obedience to one's teacher; (2) the householder (grihastha), requiring marriage, the begetting of sons, working to sustain one's family and to help support priests and holy men,

Argentina, The Northwest

2005-01-19T16:26:00.000-08:00

Vegetation in the Northwest region includes that of the high puna desert, the forested slopes of the Andes, and the subtropical scrub forests of the Pampean Sierras, the latter merging with the deciduous scrub woodlands of the Gran Chaco. Vegetation on the mostly exposed soil of the puna consists of dwarf shrubs and tough grasses, notably bunchgrass; these and other

Hale, Nathan

2005-01-19T03:01:00.000-08:00

A graduate of Yale University (1773) and a schoolteacher, Hale joined a Connecticut regiment in 1775, served in the siege of Boston, and was commissioned a captain (1776). He went to New York with William Heath's brigade and is said to have participated in